Basketball -Olympic Sports

A game of indoor football played with hands designed to send a ball into a basket or 'basket'.

Canadian James A. Naismith (1861-1939), clergyman and professor of physical education at Springfield YMCA College (Massachusetts, USA), invented basketball in December 1891. To occupy his students during the cold winter seasons between football and baseball, he sought an occupation sports interior inspired outdoor sports. At first we played eighteen players with a soccer ball and peach baskets. After a successful basket, the balloon was removed using a ladder! His invention was a quick success. In 1892, he formulated the thirteen rules (the majority is still in force) based on 5 principles:

- The sport is played with a round ball (circumference 76 cm) and lightweight (weight between 567 and 624 gr) and with the hands.

- We can not walk or run with the ball.

- Each player will be placed on the ground where he wants anytime.

- There will be no personal contact between players, the shocks are allowed.

- The goal or basket will be high (3.05 m above ground) and horizontal to the ground.

Subsequently, the YMCA brings new sport in American universities, who quickly adopted. Yale, Harvard, Princeton form teams and organize competitions between them. By the early twentieth century, basketball begins to be practiced by women also.

It was introduced in Europe in 1892 by Professor Rideout and practiced in France since 1893, mostly American soldiers during WWII who were known basketball in Europe and Asia.

On June 25, 1933, the French Basketball Federation, complained that the mandate had it on FFA

The FFBB

It comprises 2007 457 034 and 4 432 licensed clubs. The basketball was imported into France in December 1893, by B. Rideout, who had learned the principles and had practiced during an internship at Springfield College. Physical education teacher at the University Christian young people from the streets of Treviso, he introduced his students to new game

At Toronto, Canada that ran the first ever League match on 1 November 1946, the Huskies received the New York Knickerbockers at Maple Leaf Gardens. The event attracted 7 090 spectators, a good assistance in view that many young Canadians growing up playing hockey and basketball was a sport little known at the time.

The first thirteen rules of basketball were established by Dr. James Naismith (explaining the handling of the ball and defining what a mistake) first published in January 1892 in "The Triangle", the newspaper of Springfield College:

1. The ball may be thrown in any direction one or both hands.

2. The ball may be thrown in any direction, striking the palm of the hand, one or both hands, never with the fist.

3. A player can not run while holding the ball, the player must restart from where he recovered, except the catcher when he runs with good speed.

4. The ball must be kept within or between the hands, do not use their arms or body to maintain it.

5. It is forbidden to give his shoulder, hold, pushing, dropping or striking in any way whatsoever an opponent. The first violation of this rule leads to a free throw, the second player does not land until next basket, even for the rest of the game if an injury was caused, then no replacement is allowed.

6. Hitting the ball with his fist is a fault in accordance with Articles 3 and 4, and as is described in section 5.

7. If a team commits 3 errors in a row (without the other does commit), a basket will be counted for the opponents.

8. Is called basket ball sent into the basket from the ground, provided that the ball is in and the defenders did not touch the ball or impede the basket if the ball bounces. If the ball is balanced on the edge of the basket and the opponents move the basket, they say that the basket is scored.

9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it will be back on the field and played by the first player to the sidelines. in case of dispute, the linesman raise the ball into the ground. the player in charge of the lineout has 5 seconds it times out, the ball changes sides. If both teams play the shows, the linesman signals a foul for players guilty.

10. The linesman deems the men count the mistakes and the referee will signal to the triple consecutive errors. It will be empowered to disqualify players under Article 5.

11. The chief arbitrator shall be the sole judge of the ball and shall decide whether the ball is played off limits to which team it belongs and keep an eye on the clock. it is he who gives the baskets and the account, it also assumes other responsibilities normally any arbitrator.

12. The duration of a party will be 2 times 15 minutes with a half-time of 5 minutes.

13. The team scoring the most baskets will be designated as the winner. in case of a tie, there may be extended upon agreement of the captains, until a basket to make the decision.

The basketball was imported into France in December 1893, by Professor MB Rideout, who had learned the principles and had practiced during an internship at Springfield College. Physical education teacher at the University Christian young people from the streets of Treviso, he initiated his students in the new game June 25, 1933, the French Basketball Federation, complained that the mandate had it on FFA

1892: On January 15, the thirteen original game rules are published in "The Triangle", Bulletin of the Springfield YMCA. On March 11 came the first official demonstration in Springfield before about 200 spectators at a meeting between students and instructors.
1893: The soccer ball used previously is abandoned in favor of a balloon specially designed for new game
1894: Introduction of the panel, designed to prevent any manual intervention or other spectators on the trajectory of the ball.
1909: First international match between the Russian Mayak Sports Club and a selection YMCA in St. Petersburg.

1916: First American club, 'The Original Celtic'.

1933: Adoption of the 3 second rule and that of 10 seconds (time taken by the attacking team to cross the midline).
1934: First major tournament held at Madison Square Garden before 16 200 spectators.
1935: First European Championship in Switzerland.

1938: First European Women's Championship in Italy.

1940: First television broadcast of a game.
1946: First NBA game between the New York Knicks and the Toronto Huskies. 

1950: First World Championship Men in Argentina.

1953: First World Championship women in Chile.

1954: Introduction of the Rule of 24 seconds, a time limit for shooting.

1989 Voted by FIBA, professional players can now compete in the Olympics.

In March 2007, FIBA has inaugurated its Hall of Fame located in Alcobendas, near Madrid. The first class includes five players and two players:

- Aleksandr Belov USSR, YOU Kresimir Cosic , Drazen Petrovic CRO, Mirza Delibasic YOU, Ra

oj Korac YOU, Fernando Martin and Liliana Ronchetti ESP ITA BUL Voynova Vanya and women.

On June 16, 2003 to 5:00 am French time, for the first time in history became a French Champion NBA: Tony Parker with the Spurs in San Antonio.

After judo, tennis and football (420 000 and 4 500 licensed clubs)

- Basketball is the 2nd favorite sport of 8 to 19 years in France (71% play basketball).

- Basketball is the most popular sport in the world youth 15 to 18 years in 41 countries.

- 400 million people play basketball in the world.

Demonstration sport at the Games in St. Louis in 1904. Olympic sport since 1936 for men and since 1976 for women.

Men: Vice Olympic Champion in 1948 and 2000 (4th in 1956) and vice champion of Europe in 1949.

Women: European champion in 2001 (2nd in 1970, 1993 and 1999) and 3rd World Championships in 1953.

Basketball is played between two teams of five players into four periods of ten minutes trying to grab the ball and score points by throwing it in the basket of the opponent.

Each team consists of 10 players (5 on the field and 5 on the bench), one of whom has the title of captain and a coach who may be assisted by an aide.

 The five major consists of five players who start the match. Each item is designated by a number.

- Leader, No. 1 (Magic Johnson), which attacks and distributes the ball while dribbling. He announces tactics to follow.

- Rear, No. 2 ( Michael Jordan ) primarily outdoors.

- Small winger, No. 3 ( Scottie Pippen ) outside. It must be quick to move from outside to inside or vice versa.

- Power forward, No. 4 ( Karl Malone ) who form the backbone with the domestic sector.

- Pivot, No. 5 ( Shaquille O'Neal , Wilt Chamberlain ), defender. Strong and very tall, he handles the domestic sector and is positioned near the basket.

Did you know that the device 24 seconds is a clock which counts up to 24 seconds during which the attack was allowed to retain the ball before shooting.

 The field is a rectangle 22 to 28 m long and 15 m wide with a maximum variation of 2 m in length and 1 m in width. Ceiling Height: 7 m at least.

The ball must be spherical, is made of a rubber bladder covered with an envelope of 8 pieces of leather, plastic or rubber. It must not be less than 75 cm nor more than 78 cm in circumference, it must not weigh less than 600 g and not more than 650 g and it should be inflated to a pressure such that if one does fall from a height approximately 1.80 m, height measured from the bottom, it bounces on the ground (wood flooring) to an average height between 1.20 m and 1.40 m, height measured from ground level to its top.

Platelets numbered from 1 to 5, available to the marker. Each time a player commits a foul, the scorer must rise, so it is visible from both coaches, the plate bearing the number corresponding to the total number of errors committed by the player. The wafer bearing the numbers 1 through 4 will be white with black figures on the number 5 white with red number.

Since the 2000/2001 season, the game consists of 4 periods of 10 minutes each (2 before half-time of 20 minutes each). There is a timeout during the first three quarters time, two timeouts in the final.

If the result is zero at the end of the fourth quarter, players must play one or more extensions of 5 minutes until a winner is designated.

- A shot is successful when a live ball enters the basket from above and remains in or passes through.

A successful firing during game three points if the shooting is done outside the zone of 6.25 m and two points near the basket, passed on a free throw shooting, he has a point.

 The 3-point shot was adopted by FIBA since 1984.

No jumpers should hit the ball before it reaches its climax, or leave his position before the ball has been struck. One or the other jumpers can hit the ball twice.

- In attack

An attacking player who is in the area opposing restrictive should not touch the ball when it is in its downward path over the level of the ring, whether for a shot or a pass. This restriction applies until the ball has touched the ring.

An attacking player must not touch the bowl or panel opponent while the ball is on the ring during a shooting basket.

 The shooting ends when the ball leaves the hands of the player. But we consider, in a shooting in suspension, that it ends when the player resumed contact withthe ground. Consequence: a foul on a shooter who dropped the ball, but not fallen, will be sanctioned by free throws.

- Defense

A defending player must not touch the ball when the latter during a shooting of an opponent, is in its downward path and that is above the level of the ring. This restriction applies during a shot (not a strike) and until the ball touches the ring or it is obvious that he did not touch. A defending player must not touch his own basket or panel while the ball is on the ring during a shooting basket or the basket or touch the ball while it is in the basket.

After a successful shot during play, any opponent of the team that can just mark the ball back into play from behind the baseline.

A ball is offside when she bounced out of bounds or into the ground where it is touched by a player outside the boundaries of the land. The last bounce or support is taken into account and not a position player or football as football.

The first foot touching the ground becomes mandatory foot pivot. If stopping the second time, it is possible to rotate and, at a start dribbling the ball must leave the hands before the feet leave the ground.

Any player with the ball in hand must not exceed this time inside of the racket beneath the basket.

Any player in possession of the ball and scored by an opponent for 5 seconds to change this situation by a dribble, a shot or pass.

The team takes the ball has 8 seconds to take in attacking (10 seconds before the 2000/01 season).

When a team gains possession of the ball on the ground, shooting a basket must be made within 24 seconds.

A team in possession of the ball in his frontcourt can bring the ball in his backcourt.

It is the inventor of basketball, James Naismith, who created netball in 1891 for women.

ized in three different areas. Game Duration: 4 periods of 15 minutes with 3 minutes rest between each period and 10 minutes of rest at halftime. Each of the 7 teammates has a very specific position corresponding to a specific role. Goals can be scored only inside the end zone and that two players, striker and the goal shooter.

 Netball is recognized by the IOC in 1995. Very popular in Oceania it is on the agenda for the Commonwealth Games since 1998.

"Airball" Shooting at which the ball does not touch the ring, neither the net nor the panel.
"Alley oop" game sequence in which a player throws the ball around the ring and one of his teammates took the flight to score a basket in one motion, usually by a "dunk".
"Dunker" Taking the ball into the basket with one or both hands.
Rear: The position at which players are generally able to handle the ball, making passes or pulling far.
Before: Position in which players are generally larger than the rear but more versatile than the pivots.
Dead ball: ball offside
Live ball: Ball in play
Block: come between an opponent and the basket waiting for the rebound when a player throws the ball.
Tap: Coup light on the ball rebound to push the cart.
Cons-attack: 1. Opportunity to score a basket easily when a player receives the ball behind the defense. 2. Fast attack after taking the ball on defense.
Countering: Trap shooting of a player, thus preventing the ball to continue his run towards the basket.
Double Dribble: Failure is due to the fact to start dribbling after stop dribble or dribbling made with both hands.
Double fault: Fouls committed simultaneously by two opposing players.
Dribble: Controlling the ball bouncing from one of the two hands.
Screen and slide: Tech game in which an attacker makes a screen and rotates toward the basket while waiting for a pass.
Between the two: ball launched into the air by the referee between two opposing players who jump to transmit it to a teammate.
Make screen: Blocking a defender while remaining static, allowing a teammate to attack the defender to escape.
Doing the laundry: Extending the defensive pressure beyond the normal area.
Without Unsportsmanlike: Personal foul deemed to have been committed deliberately and often brutally.
Without intentional misconduct considered to have been committed intentionally by the referee.
Personal foul: contact current physical and irregular with an opponent.
Technical foul: Without whistled for unacceptable behavior.
Breach of rule eight seconds: Inability of the offensive team to cross the midline within eight seconds after taking possession of the ball.
Breach of rule three seconds: Offense by attacking consecutive three seconds remaining in the restricted area.
Intercept: dispossess an opponent's ball.
Intervention on the ball: The act of touching the ball down when shooting toward the basket or is directly above the basket.
Start: Trying to score a basket by launching, dunk or hitting the ball to the basket.
Free throw: Shooting at a point awarded to a player a foul.
Bottom line: line defining the ends of the playground
Foul line: Line on which a player wishes to shoot the free throws.
Line three points: Arc of a circle on the ground placed at 6.25 m from the basket ((7.24 m in the NBA) separating the three-point shots fired at two points.
Line median line on the playground between the area behind the front zone.
Walking: Offense by the ball carrier when it moves both feet without dribbling.
Marking: Tech defense in which each player must support an opposing forward.
Shopping Cart: Cart successful shooting.
Basket Three-point basket from behind the three point line.
Password decisive pass leading directly to a basket by a teammate.
Pivot foot: Pied a player must keep the ground to avoid committing a walk while holding the ball.
Pivot: Position which is usually the biggest player on the team.
Pressure terrain: Defense extended to the entire length of the playground
Rebound: Action to take the ball in the air after a missed shot.
Time out: Stop the game clock, usually at the request of a coach to discuss strategy with his team.
Shooting with the panel: Shooting at which the ball touches the ring after having bounced off the backboard.
Shooting in the race: Shooting performed by moving a player who jumps very close to the basket and draws suspension.
Hook Shot: Shoots a hand executed by a player whose body is in a lateral position relative to the basket in which the ball is brought high above his head.
Shooting Suspended: Shooting made by a player who drops the ball when the jump has reached its maximum height.
Violation: Violation of the rules.
Area: Technical-defense in which each player defends a given part of the playground
Backcourt: Half the field of play where a team is defending.
Frontcourt: Half the field of play where the offensive team attack the basket.
Zone restrictive area between the foul line and end line closest along two lines forming an angle in which the attacker has no right to stay three consecutive seconds.

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